Which plant hormone is known for its role in regulating seed germination?

Gibberellins are the plant hormones primarily responsible for regulating seed germination. These hormones promote the process by breaking down the starch reserves in seeds into simpler sugars, which are then used for energy during the initial growth phase. Gibberellins stimulate enzymatic activity and ensure that the seed has the necessary resources to support its growth as it emerges from dormancy.

During seed germination, gibberellins enhance the production of enzymes like amylase, which is crucial for converting stored starch into glucose. This provides the energy required for the growth of the embryo as it develops into a seedling. Furthermore, gibberellins influence other physiological processes, such as stem elongation and fruit development, but their specific role in initiating seed germination is particularly important for the successful establishment of new plants.

While auxins, cytokinins, and ethylene also play vital roles in plant growth and development, their functions are more focused on other aspects such as cell elongation, cell division, and fruit ripening, rather than directly initiating seed germination.